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Fig. 5 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Fig. 5

From: Revisiting how we perform late gadolinium enhancement CMR: insights gleaned over 25 years of clinical practice

Fig. 5

Data acquisition duration and gating factor depending on heart rate. TOP: ECG and readout timings for patients with typical heart rates seen in clinical practice (~ 45–100 bpm). Inversion pulses are played every other heartbeat to allow for longitudinal magnetization recovery between inversion pulses. MIDDLE: In patients with tachycardia (> 100 bpm), two parameter adjustments may be considered. First, the duration of the readout may be reduced by lowering the number of segments (lines per segment), improving the temporal resolution. Second, two wait beats (gating factor of 3) may be used, which allows greater recovery of longitudinal magnetization between inversion pulses. BOTTOM: In patients with bradycardia (< 45 bpm), a gating factor of 1 (no wait beats) can be considered. The time between inversion pulses is greater with very slow heart rates. Accordingly, there is sufficient recovery of longitudinal magnetization with no wait beats between inversion pulses. The duration of the acquisition window may be modestly increased to account for the longer prior of the diastolic standstill period

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