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2075 Papillary muscles and trabeculations significantly impact ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and regurgitation assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Introduction

Measurement of valvular regurgitation is important in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Using a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) manual partition method that includes papillary muscles and trabeculations as part of the ventricular cavity volume combined with phase velocity methods, the regurgitant fraction correlates well with assessment by Doppler echocardiography in patients with normal wall thickness. However, inclusion of papillary muscles and trabeculations as components of left ventricular (LV) mass may provide more accurate results. The impact of papillary muscle and trabeculation partitioning may be particularly prominent among patients with HCM for whom inclusion of these structures in the ventricular cavity volume may result in an overestimation of ventricular volumes and quantified valvular regurgitation.

Methods

A total of 30 HCM patients (17 males, age 40.2 ± 16.8 years) were imaged with CMR from 2005 to 2007. Qualitative mitral and tricuspid regurgitation data from Doppler echocardiography were obtained from echocardiography reports. Endocardial LV and RV borders were manually traced at end-diastole and at end-systole on short axis stack images using the CMR analysis package on Philips View Forum (release 4). Papillary muscles and prominent trabeculations were included as part of LV cavity volume in Method 1 and excluded in Method 2. LV and RV EDV and end-systolic volume (ESV) were determined using a modified Simpson's rule summation of disks method. Stroke volume (SV) = EDV – ESV, and ejection fraction (EF) = SV/EDV. Aortic and pulmonic forward volumes were calculated from phase velocity data (1). Regurgitant volume (RegV) was calculated as the difference between the LVSV or RVSV and the forward aortic or pulmonic flow volume, respectively. Regurgitant fraction (RF) = RegV/SV. The mitral or tricuspid regurgitant score (MRS or TRS) was then obtained by classifying RF into mild, moderate, moderate to severe, or severe categories and the difference between CMR and Doppler assessments (0 to 4) were recorded for each contouring method and compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

There were significant differences between Methods 1 and 2 (all p < 0.0001 except when specified) for LV mass and volumetric measurements. The LV mass index was 99.2 ± 34.3 g/m2 vs. 114.1 ± 41.4 g/m2, LVEDV was 160.2 ± 44.1 ml vs. 131.1 ± 34.4 ml, LVSV was 106 ± 28.3 ml vs. 98.4 ± 26.8 ml, LVEF was 66.9 ± 7.3% vs. 75.4 ± 8.8%, RVEDV was 143.4 ± 39.5 ml vs. 128.7 ± 34.7 ml, RVSV was 96.7 ± 24.5 ml vs. 89.8 ± 21.1 ml (p = 0.0027), and RVEF was 68.1 ± 7.4% vs. 70.6 ± 7.6%. For MRS and TRS, the results are shown in median with interquartile ranges. For MRS, it was 2[1, 2] vs. 1[0, 2] (p = 0.0038). For TRS, it was 1[1, 2] vs. 1[0, 1] (p = 0.0175).

Conclusion

In patients with HCM, significant difference exists in the result of volumetric measurements with the inclusion or exclusion of papillary muscles and trabeculations. Excluding the papillary muscles and trabeculations in volumetric measurements yielded MR and TR grades that correlated better with Doppler findings compared to standard analysis techniques. Therefore, these data suggest that in HCM patients, routine contouring methods should exclude the papillary muscles and trabeculations from ventricular volumes in order to provide a more accurate assessment of ventricular mass, volumes, and atrioventricular valvular regurgitation.

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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Han, Y., Olson, E., Maron, M.S. et al. 2075 Papillary muscles and trabeculations significantly impact ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and regurgitation assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 10 (Suppl 1), A344 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-10-S1-A344

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-10-S1-A344

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