Figure 4

In-plane displacement from the LV of a representative animal for three systolic time-points: early-systole (A), mid-systole (B), and end-systole (C) at 3 locations: apex, mid-ventricle and base. Anatomic marks (Sep = septum, Post = posterior, Lat = lateral, Ant = anterior) were marked for orientation. At early-systole, the entire LV demonstrates twisting and counter clockwise rotation close to the septum. At mid-systole, the apex and mid-ventricular regions show greater motion towards the cavity, with clock-wise posterolateral wall rotation in the basal section (viewed from apex to base). Conversely, counter clock-wise rotation can be observed at the anteroseptal wall in the apical section, producing a twisting between apex and base. At end-systole, the apical region demonstrates significant inward motion, accompanied by clock-wise rotation close to the septal wall. Basal and mid-ventricular segments are dominated by counter clock-wise rotation, with inward motion on the anterolateral wall.