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Ventricular arrhythmias in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: association with late gadolinium enhancement
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 12, Article number: P191 (2010)
Introduction
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a rare condition, but increasingly diagnosed using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), which is requested for confirmation of a suspected diagnosis by echocardiography. It is not known the prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and the possible relationship with arrhythmias.
Purpose
We hypothesized that, in patients with AHCM, the presence of LGE, assessed by CMR could be related to ventricular arrhythmias, which may have impact in prognosis.
Methods
26 consecutive patients (pts), aged 38 ± 11 years-old, 15 men, with AHCM, were included. Diagnosis was established by CMR using accepted criteria All underwent complete CMR LV assessment using a 17-segments model: a) SSFP short-axis LV volumes and ejection fraction; b) SSFP 2, 3, 4-chambers for thickness measurement; c) LV segmental LGE (segmented inversion-recovery fast gradient-echo sequence, 10-15 mn after 0.2 mmol/kg of Gd-DTP); the presence and amount of LGE was assessed. A 24 hours-Holter monitoring was obtained in less than two-weeks interval and the number of repetitive ventricular arrhythmias was assessed (pairs, triplets, ventricular tachycardia).
Results
Maximal apical thickness was 21 ± 4 mm (13-30), left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 56 ± 8 ml/m2 (39-73) and ejection fraction was 68 ± 5% (59-80). LGE was detected in 15 pts, localized at the midwall apical region, filling all this segment in 12 pts and nodular in the remaining three. No hypertrophy or LGE was detected in other LV segments. The presence of repetitive ventricular arrhythmias was significantly different in patients with and without LGE (p = 0.0001). Patients with LGE, showed 10 to 143 repetitive episodes in the Holter monitoring. There was no correlation between the number of ventricular arrhythmias and the amount of LGE (LGE volume/hypertrophied apical segment volume), the apical thickness, LV volume or ejection fraction.
Conclusion
CMR LGE was a frequent finding in AHCM and significantly associated to complex ventricular arrhythmias. Further study should address the long-term prognostic meaning of LGE in this condition.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Almeida, A.G., Marques, J.S., Sargento, L.M. et al. Ventricular arrhythmias in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: association with late gadolinium enhancement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 12 (Suppl 1), P191 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-P191
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-P191
Keywords
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
- Ventricular Arrhythmia
- Late Gadolinium Enhancement
- Segment Volume
- Repetitive Episode