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Paced segment characteristics predict clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the multimodality imaging assessment of pacing intervention in heart failure (MAPIT-HF) study
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 13, Article number: O50 (2011)
Introduction
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve quality of life and decrease mortality in heart failure patients. However, up to 40% of patients fail to respond to this therapy. Validation of a response prediction model that incorporates both myocardial scar and dyssynchrony of the paced myocardial segments would allow for a targeted approach to CRT lead delivery.
Methods
Patients planned for CRT under standard indications were prospectively enrolled. Serial short-axis tagged cine and delayed enhancement MRI was performed using standard imaging protocols. Echocardiography and gated CT Angiography (CTA) were performed at baseline and 3 months post-implantation. The repeat CTA was performed for accurate lead tip localization to a 16-segment model. Dyssynchrony was measured for each segment (time to maximal radial strain, Trs) from serial short-axis tagged MRI and expressed in milliseconds from onset of pulse trigger (InTag, OsirX). A segmental scar score was then assigned using a blinded visual interpretation (score 0 to 4). The number of response prediction rules met was determined for each patient as follows: 1) LV lead tip placed on a dyssynchronous segment (Trs > 130msec), 2) LV lead tip placed on a viable segment (scar score <2), 3) RV lead tip placed on a viable segment (scar score <2). Clinical response to CRT, defined as a >=15% reduction in LVESV by echocardiography, was correlated to the number of prediction rules met.
Results
Forty consecutive patients were enrolled with a mean age and ejection fraction of 67.0 ± 8.6 years and 25.6 ± 6.6%, respectively. Twenty four patients (60%) met clinical response criteria with a mean reduction in LVESV of 20.5 ± 16.5% compared to a rise of 1.4 ± 6.3% in non-responders (p<0.001). A strong correlation was seen between the number of prediction rules met and clinical response to CRT. In patients with 3, 2, 1 and 0 prediction rules met, the response rates were 100%, 92%, 58% and 40%, respectively (p<0.001). A strong correlation was also seen between the number of prediction rules and the mean reduction in LVESV [28%, 14% and 5% reduction in those with 3, 2 and 1 rules met, respectively (p=0.002)].
Conclusions
Dyssynchrony and scar characteristics of the paced myocardial segments are strongly correlated with clinical response to CRT. A simple 3-point prediction model incorporating these variables appears to be highly predictive of response, and may be valuable for the selection of optimal pacing targets for CRT.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Wong, J.A., Scholl, D., Yee, R. et al. Paced segment characteristics predict clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the multimodality imaging assessment of pacing intervention in heart failure (MAPIT-HF) study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 13 (Suppl 1), O50 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-13-S1-O50
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-13-S1-O50
Keywords
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Prediction Rule
- Myocardial Segment
- Response Prediction
- Viable Segment