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Four-dimensional velocity encoded MRI improves blood flow quantification in patients with semilunar valve stenosis
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 14, Article number: W10 (2012)
Background
Stenoses might cause complex flow patterns, which are sometimes difficult to assess quantitatively with standard two-dimensional (2D) VEC MRI. We sought to evaluate the use of four-dimensional (4D) velocity encoded magnetic resonance imaging (VEC MRI) for blood flow quantification in patients with semilunar valve stenosis.
Methods
Peak velocities (Vmax) and stroke volumes (SV) were quantified by 2D and 4D VEC MRI in volunteers (n=7) and patients with semilunar valve stenosis (n=18). Measurements were performed immediately above the aortic or pulmonary valve with both techniques (=level 1) and, additionally, at further predefined planes in the ascending aorta and in the pulmonary trunk within the 4D dataset. 4D VEC MRI streamline analysis identified “individualized” planes of highest flow velocity (4Dmax-targeted) for further measurements. In patients, Vmax was also measured by Doppler-echocardiography.
Results
In patients, 4D VEC MRI (2.7m/s) showed comparable Vmax to Doppler-echocardiography (2.8m/s) and significantly higher Vmax than 2D VEC MRI (2.4m/s) (p<0.03) at level 1. 4Dmax-targeted revealed highest Vmax values (3.1m/s). Correlations of MR-derived peak velocities with Doppler-echocardiography were r=0.62 for 2D, r=0.67 for 4D at level 1 and r=0.80 for 4Dmax-targeted. 4D showed higher agreement with Doppler-echocardiography than did 2D VEC MRI at level 1 (p=0.039).
SV at level 1 were comparable between both techniques. SV measurements at different anatomical levels in the ascending aorta showed a significantly larger variance in patients with complex flow patterns than in volunteers with laminar flow patterns (p=0.004).
Conclusions
4D VEC MRI improves MR-derived quantification of peak flow velocities in patients with semilunar valve stenosis. Additionally, 4D VEC MRI demonstrates the potential for SV underestimation in complex flow.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Nordmeyer, S., Riesenkampff, E., Messroghli, D. et al. Four-dimensional velocity encoded MRI improves blood flow quantification in patients with semilunar valve stenosis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14 (Suppl 1), W10 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-14-S1-W10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-14-S1-W10