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Table 2 Procedural details

From: Real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance subxiphoid pericardial access and pericardiocentesis using off-the-shelf devices in swine

Effusion size

# of needle attempts

Trajectory planning time min

Access time min

Total procedure time min

None

4 (2–4)

1:03 (0:37–2:50)

8:21 (1:40–13:45)

9:24 (4:30–14:22)

Small (50 ml)

2 (2–4)

0:36 (0:27–0:46)

6:03 (2:29–9:38)

6:40 (2:56–10:24)

Moderate (100 ml)

*1

0:49 (0:44–1:35)

1:09 (0:24–1:11)

2:00 (1:08–2:44)

Large (150 ml)

*1

1:04 (0:44–1:50)

0:57 (0:23–1:54)

2:38 (1:27–2:47)

  1. Values are median and range. * = p < 0.05 compared with no effusion. n = 3 per group.