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Table 3 Unresolved issues in cancer survivors and possible techniques to address these issues

From: Understanding cardiovascular injury after treatment for cancer: an overview of current uses and future directions of cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Morbidity

Unresolved question

Proposed MRI technique

Cerebro vascular accident

Accelerated atherosclerosis

Wall thickness of ascending, descending aorta, plaque characterization

Myocardial infarction

Coronary flow reserve using quantitative myocardial perfusion

Peripheral vascular disease

Wall thickness of femoral arteries, BOLD imaging

LV systolic dysfunction

Early detection of myocellular injury and risk stratification

T1, T2 and ECV mapping

Strain imaging

Impairment of myocardial mechanics, i.e. Impaired torsion

Diffusion tensor imaging

Myocardial energy metabolism

NMR P32 spectroscopy

Impaired exercise tolerance

Arterial stiffness

4D Flow for assessing pulse wave velocity

Fatigue

Skeletal muscle injury

NMR spectroscopy to assess for mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle

Fat/water separation to assess fat content

Hypertension

Endothelial dysfunction

Flow mediated arterial dilation