Figure 1

Example of the 3D flow displacement analysis results: A - cross-sections containing speed information are automatically placed along the vessel centerline (black), and normalized displacement is calculated for each cross-section (red line); Plots B to D present the variation of the normalized displacement for different patients. A standard plane was placed based on anatomic landmarks (red dashed lines). In some cases the standard plane can entirely miss the abnormal flow (D). Streamline visualization of the systolic flow pattern presented in inset E explains the displacement plot in D. recirculation in the aortic root (arrow head) results in an early displacement peak, but then pushes flow centrally at the level of the standard plane, only to become markedly eccentric at the level of the pulmonary artery (arrow).