Figure 9
From: Tracking of stem cells in vivo for cardiovascular applications
X-ray fused with MRI (XFM) of X-ray-visible microcapsules to the heart. (A) Segmented cine CMR showing epicardial contours (green-RV; blue-LV) overlaid on live X-ray fluoroscopic image. (B) Coronary vasculature from c-arm CT overlaid on live X-ray fluoroscopic image. (C) Live X-ray fluoroscopy demonstrating radiopacity of needle used for pericardial puncture and the lack of ability to visualize the myocardium or coronary vasculature without XFM. (D) Live X-ray fluoroscopy image overlaid on segmented whole heart CMR and c-arm CT volumes showing pericardial puncture. (E) An M-mode echocardiogram at seven days post-injection demonstrating normal cardiac function and no abnormalities to the pericardium. Reprinted with permission from Azene et al.[173].