Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with reduced (HFrEF), preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction and normal controls.

Age (years)

60 ± 11*

74 ± 6**

61 ± 5

<0.001

Female, n (%)

8 (32)

12 (67)

12 (43)

0.075

NYHA class, n (%)

I

3 (12)

0

0

-

II

21 (84)

18 (100)

0

-

III

1 (4)

0

0

-

Body mass index (kg/m2)

28 ± 5

28 ± 6

27± 4

0.29

E'

-

4.5 ± 1.2

13.1 ± 3.5

0.001

E/E' ratio

-

10.7 ± 2.7

7.6 ± 3.0

0.002

E/A ratio

-

0.7 ± 0.26

1.0 ± 0.3

0.001

Blood glucose

5.4 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 1.1

5.2 ± 1.0

0.55

Free fatty acids

0.44 ± 0.22

0.49 ± 0.29

0.54 ± 0.30

0.46

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.3

0.12

Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)

2.9 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 1.1

0.07

High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

0.49

CMR findings

Cardiac lipid/water (%)

0.67 ± 0.42†

1.06 ± 0.83**

0.44 ± 0.17

0.001

LV end-diastolic volume (ml)

233 ± 82†

111 ± 21‡

144 ± 28

<0.001

LV ejection fraction (%)

38 ± 9†

74 ± 6‡

69 ± 5

<0.001

LV mass index (g/m2)

80 ± 25†

54 ± 12‡

55 ± 11

<0.001

LV mass/EDV (g/mL)

0.69 ± 0.18*

0.91 ± 0.22**

0.74 ± 0.16

0.003