Figure 1

a) Selected 2 slices and 3D rendering of first-pass CE-MRA under VCBH and the 4D MUSIC (phase #3 is chosen out of 5 cardiac phases for display) on a 4 y.o. 10kg boy. The structures in and close to the heart (including the cardiac chambers, coronary arteries, aortic root, main pulmonary artery, and valves) are much better defined using 4D MUSIC. b) Comparison of the first-pass VCBH CE-MRA, delayed phase VCBH CE-MRA, and the proposed 4D MUSIC. The 4D MUSIC image provided excellent definition of cardiac anatomy including the aortic cusps and the aortic valve leaflets (red box), and the trabeculations within the cardiac chambers, while both first-pass and delayed-phase VCBH CE-MRA suffers from significant cardiac motion blurring. Signal intensity of the 4D MUSIC image is uniform across the entire FOV.