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Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis detected by Multi-slice T1 Mapping using Slice Interleaved T1 (STONE) Sequence in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 18, Article number: P238 (2016)
Background
The presence of myocardial fibrosis is associated with worse clinical outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Due to the substantial variations in left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and fibrosis in HCM, volumetric coverage of entire LV myocardium is essential for the accurate assessment of myocardial fibrosis. Slice-interleaved T1 (STONE) mapping sequence allows for the assessment of native T1 time with complete coverage of LV myocardium. The aim of this study was to investigate whether STONE sequence is useful for the assessment of regional variability of LV native T1 time in HCM patients.
Methods
Twenty-four septal HCM patients (56 ± 16 years) and 10 healthy adult control subjects (57 ± 15 years) were studied. Native T1 mapping was performed using STONE sequence which enables acquisition of 5 slices in the short-axis plane within a 90 sec free-breathing scan. The sequence was acquired in a free-breathing ECG-triggered slice-selective bSSFP with the following parameters: 5 slices, in-plane resolution = 2.1x2.1 mm2, slice thickness=8 mm, slice gap=4 mm, field of view=360x352 mm2, TR/TE/α=2.8 msec/1.4 msec/70 ;, SENSE-factor=2, linear ordering, 10 linear ramp-up pulses and acquisition window=240 msec. We measured LV native T1 time and maximum LV wall thickness in each 16 segments from 3 slices (basal-, mid- and apical-slice). Late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) MRI was acquired to assess presence or absence of myocardial enhancement.
Results
In HCM patients, LV native T1 time was significantly elevated compared to healthy controls, regardless of presence or absence of LGE (mean native T1 time; LGE (+) segments (n = 27), 1139 ± 55 msec; LGE (-) segments (n = 351), 1118 ± 55 msec; healthy control (n = 160),1065 ± 35 msec; p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA, 6 segments were excluded from analysis due to artifacts). Among 351 segments without LGE, native LV T1 time was diffusely elevated over the 16 segments (Figure). Significant positive correlation was found between LV wall thickness and native LV T1 time (y=1013+8.7x, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In HCM, substantial number of segments without LGE showed elevated native T1 time, and native T1 time was correlated with LV wall thickness. Slice-interleaved T1 mapping by using STONE sequence could be advantageous to overcome limited cardiac coverage of conventional single-slice T1 mapping technique and to accurately detect the diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HCM patients.
Comparison of native T 1 time between HCM and controls (segments without LGE).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Kato, S., Bellm, S., Roujol, S. et al. Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis detected by Multi-slice T1 Mapping using Slice Interleaved T1 (STONE) Sequence in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 18, P238 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-P238
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Keywords
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Left Ventricular Myocardium
- Left Ventricular Wall Thickness
- Late Gadolinium Enhance
- Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis
