Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age, years

69 ± 5.6 [57-77]

68 ± 5.6

69 ± 5.6

0.114

Women, n (%)

40 (100%)

20

20

-

Cardiovascular risk factors (≥1)

20 (50%)

0

20

<0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

9 (21%)

0

9

0.0012

Diabetes, n (%)

0

0

0

-

Dyslipidemia

16 (40%)

0

16

<0.001

Smoker (former), n (%)

4 (10%)

0

4

0.106

Pulse wave velocity [PWV (m/s)]

8.127 ± 2.77

6.630 ± 2.77

8.127 ± 3.03

<0.001

LV end-diastolic volume indexed [LVEDVi (mL/m2)]

70 ± 14.5

67 ± 8.4

71 ± 13.1

0.079

LV end-systolic volume [LVESVi (mL/m2)]

41 ± 9.6

41 ± 6.4

35 ± 9.6

0.153

LV ejection fraction [LVEF (%)]

67 ± 7.4

61 ± 7.4

70 ± 7.4

0.975

LV mass indexed (mg/m2)

54 ± 12.5

53 ± 12.5

55 ± 6.4

0.637

Global circumferential strain (GCs)

-20.5 ± 8.6

-24.7 ± 10.4

-16.4 ± 3.5

0.001

Global radial strain (GRs)

29.8 ± 12.0

30.7 ± 6.9

28.9 ± 15.7

0.652

Global circumferential strain rate peak systole [GCSr (syst)]

-1.58 ± 0.42

-1.58 ± 0.41

-1.57 ± 0.45

0.924

Global radial strain rate peak systole [GRSr (syst)]

1.77 ± 0.96

2.44 ± 0.50

1.09 ± 0.83

<0.001

Global circumferential strain rate early diastole [GCSr (diast)]

2.17 ± 1.90

1.85 ± 0.52

2.47 ± 2.6

0.293

Global radial strain rate early diastole [GRSr (diast)]

-1.7 ± 0.83

-2.21 ± 0.61

-1.2 ± 0.71

<0.001

Native T1 (mid septum, ms)

979 ± 37.6

966 ± 30.6

993 ± 39.9

0.022

LA volume indexed [LAVI (mL/m2)]

42 ± 14.0

34 ± 9.6

50 ± 13.4

<0.001

LA ejection fraction total [LAEF total (%)]

61 ± 11.6

68 ± 7.8

53 ± 9.9

<0.001

LA conduit function (%)

34 ± 12.0

42 ± 10.6

26 ± 7.7

<0.001

LA booster pump function (%)

33.3 ± 9.0

30 ± 6.8

37 ± 9.7

0.012

LA total strain (εs)

28.0 ± 8.0

30.7 ± 7.4

25.2 ± 7.9

0.029

LA passive strain (εe)

18.6 ± 7.2

23.3 ± 5.2

14.0 ± 5.7

<0.001

LA active strain (εa)

LA active strain (εa)

7.5 ± 3.6

11.2 ± 4.6

0.006

LA peak positive strain rate (SRs)

1.2 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.3

0.016

LA peak early negative strain rate (SRe)

-1.2 ± 0.6

-1.7 ± 0.4

-0.8 ± 0.3

<0.001

LA peak late negative strain rate (SRa)

-1.0 ± 0.4

-1.0 ± 0.3

-0.9 ± 0.4

0.341