Fig. 1
Functional cine images and their evaluation. a Diastolic images of cine FLASH series in LV 2-chamber, 4-chamber, 3-chamber and mid-ventricular short-axis views. Subepicardial (green line) and subendocardial (red line) contouring in short axis images was employed to derive LV volume vs. time curves, wall thickness and left ventricular muscle mass (red dashed line). b Schematic drawing explaining derivation of left atrial volumes and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE). LV = left ventricle; LA = left atrium area (white plane); MV = mitral valve; PV = pulmonary vein; L4CH, L2CH = length of LA extension in 4-chamber view and 2-chamber view, respectively; llat = distance from the apex to the lateral mitral annulus. c LV volume vs. time curve (black line) and its derivative (gray line). ED = time of LV end-diastole; ES = time of LV end-systole; MDV = mid-diastolic time after rapid LV filling; BAC = time before atrial contraction; EDV = LV end-diastolic volume; ESV = LV end-systolic volume; SV = LV stroke volume; tdiastasis = duration of LV diastasis; PER = peak ejection rate; PET = peak ejection time; PFRE = early diastolic peak filling rate; PFTE = early diastolic peak filling time; PFRA = late diastolic peak filling rate; PFTA = late diastolic peak filling time. Times of aortic valve closure (AVC), aortic valve opening (AVO), mitral valve closure (MVC), and mitral valve opening (MVO) were assessed from cine 3-chamber view series. IVRT = isovolumetric relaxation time; IVCR = isovolumetric contraction time; LVET = left ventricular ejection time