Fig. 4

64-year-old male with poorly controlled atrial fibrillation and a rapid, variable RR interval (~480 ms) who underwent CTA and MRA prior to pulmonary vein isolation. All images are 12-mm thick maximum intensity projections. Single-shot radial QISS (middle rows) provided excellent depiction of the pulmonary arteries and veins in coronal and axial orientations despite the uncontrolled arrhythmia, whereas the navigator-gated 3D bSSFP images (bottom row) show severe artifacts