Table 1 Baseline characteristics of HFpEF patients and age- and sex-matched controls
|  | HFpEF (n = 118) | Healthy Controls (n = 26) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 78 ± 8 | 76 ± 5 | 0.28 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 ± 7 | 25 ± 4 | 0.011 |
Female (n, %) | 74 (63) | 16 (62) | 0.91 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 73 ± 14 | 67 ± 9 | 0.040 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136 ± 21 | 144 ± 22 | 0.069 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 13 | 82 ± 12 | 0.014 |
NYHA functional class III-IV (n, %) | 53 (45) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Medical history | |||
 Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 73 (62) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
 Ischemic cardiomyopathy (n, %) | 39 (33) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
 Previous valvular surgery (n, %) | 12 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.12 |
 Previous heart failure episode | 84 (71) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
 Smoking (n, %) | 47 (40) | 6 (23) | 0.10 |
 Hypertension (n, %) | 109 (93) | 16 (62) | < 0.001 |
 Diabetes (n, %) | 46 (39) | 1 (4) | < 0.001 |
 Family history of cardiovascular disease (n, %) | 24 (21) | 3 (12) | 0.40 |
 Hypercholesterolemia (n, %) | 78 (67) | 23 (88) | 0.027 |
Medication | |||
 Diuretics other than MRA (n, %) | 94 (80) | 2 (8) | < 0.001 |
 MRA (n, %) | 23 (19) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
 Beta-blockers (n, %) | 76 (64) | 3 (12) | < 0.001 |
 ACE-I or ARB (n, %) | 76 (64) | 9 (35) | 0.005 |
 Statins (n, %) | 54 (46) | 5 (19) | 0.01 |
Laboratory characteristics | |||
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 59 ± 23 | 70 ± 18 | 0.018 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 14.0 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
 NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 1747 [374; 34,306] £ | 111 [29; 393] £ | 0.001 |