Table 1 Clinical, echocardiographic and biochemical characteristics
|  | HFpEF (n = 27) | Healthy Controls (n = 14) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72 ± 7 | 69 ± 6 | 0.09 |
Female, n (%) | 18 (67) | 8 (57) | 0.55 |
NYHA class, n (%) | |||
 I | 0 | 14 (100) | < 0.001 |
 II | 24 (89) | 0 | < 0.001 |
 III | 3 (11) | 0 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 ± 6 | 26 ± 5 | 0.10 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (44) | 0 | 0.04 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – |
Beta blockers, n (%) | 3 (11) | 0 | 0.53 |
ARB/ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 14 (52) | 0 | 0.004 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 12 (44) | 0 | 0.005 |
Statins, n (%) | 11 (41) | 0 | 0.02 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 144 ± 26 | 132 ± 4 | 0.15 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81 ± 12 | 80 ± 13 | 0.86 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 68 ± 12 | 60 ± 12 | 0.10 |
E/A ratio | 0.69 ± 0.23 | 0.86 ± 0.24 | 0.042 |
E/e’ ratio | 10.87 ± 2.61 | 7.47 ± 2.45 | < 0.001 |
LA size (ml/m2) | 31.1 ± 15.4 | 16.9 ± 6.4 | 0.003 |
VO2 max (ml/min/kg) | 17.7 ± 3.3 | 27.8 ± 7.7 | 0.004 |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 0.07 |
Free fatty acids (mmol/L) | 0.49 ± 0.28 | 0.54 ± 0.19 | 0.10 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.26 ± 0.37 | 1.13 ± 0.45 | 0.44 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.45 ± 0.71 | 3.17 ± 1.05 | 0.03 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.52 ± 0.41 | 1.60 ± 0.41 | 0.59 |
BNP (pmol/L) | 15.6 ± 9.4 | 6.8 ± 3.8 | 0.01 |