Fig. 6

33 year-old male with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis required venous mapping prior to central venous access. 1.5 T FE-CMRV maximum intensity projection (a) and color 3D volume rendering (b) show occluded right internal jugular and subclavian veins (red arrows in a), non-visualized occluded right internal jugular vein (red arrowhead in a) and complete occlusion of the entire inferior vena cava and common iliac veins (green arrows in a and b). Collateral veins are highlighted in b (white arrowheads)