Fig. 5

Summary of lung water density using the rectangular profile method in all subjects from the Prospective Cohort. A dashed line, at 20.8%, indicates the upper limit of normal lung water density defined as mean + 2 standard deviations from the Healthy Control group. Each circle is an individual subject with gray denoting individuals above the normal threshold. Box plots for each group show the median, 25th and 75th percentiles and the whiskers show the extent of the data, with red crosses for outliers. Groups with increased lung water, *p < 0.05 in comparison with Healthy Control and At-Risk groups, **p < 0.05 in comparison with Healthy Control, At-Risk and NYHA I/II groups. Abbreviations – HF: heart failure, HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, NYHA: New York Heart Association Classification