Fig. 8.

Clinical examples of normal and obstructed bioprosthetic valves assessed by CMR. A 65 year old male with a 29 mm bioprosthetic mitral valve. Phase contrast effective orifice area (PC-EOA) and DopplerEOA were similar and within normal range (left). A 60 year old male with dyspnea and a 25 mm bioprosthetic mitral valve. PC-EOA and DopplerEOA were both severity reduced, consistent with severe prosthetic valve stenosis (right)