Table 2 Abnormally directed velocity volumes and wall shear stress (WSS) surfaces compared between BAV patients with and without repaired coarctation (BAV+CoA and BAV−CoA, respectively) in the inner and outer ascending aorta, the entire ascending aorta and the descending aorta

60° > % < 120°

BAV−CoA

12.7 ± 7.9

12.0 ± 11.0

0.455

24.6 ± 18.4

3.3 ± 3.8

10.2 ± 5.6

9.1 ± 8.0

0.210

19.3 ± 12.3

4.4 ± 4.8

BAV+CoA

5.5 ± 3.9

3.4 ± 2.3

0.074

8.9 ± 5.8

8.7 ± 8.3

6.3 ± 4.5

3.8 ± 2.5

0.063

10.1 ± 6.6

12.2 ± 11.5

P*

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

–

 < 0.001

0.002

0.021

 < 0.001

–

0.004

 < 0.001

All

8.9 ± 7.1

7.6 ± 8.9

0.136

16.4 ± 15.4

6.1 ± 7.0

8.2 ± 5.4

6.3 ± 6.3

0.033

14.5 ± 10.7

8.4 ± 9.7

% > 120°

BAV−CoA

8.7 ± 6.8

4.9 ± 5.3

0.022

13.5 ± 9.1

0.7 ± 0.9

9.4 ± 5.8

7.0 ± 6.2

0.053

16.3 ± 8.5

1.6 ± 1.4

BAV+CoA

3.1 ± 2.8

1.1 ± 1.0

0.003

4.1 ± 3.3

1.6 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 3.5

2.4 ± 2.6

0.013

6.9 ± 5.2

3.3 ± 2.6

P*

0.001

 < 0.001

–

 < 0.001

0.024

0.002

 < 0.001

–

 < 0.001

0.009

All

5.8 ± 5.8

2.9 ± 4.2

0.001

8.6 ± 8.2

1.2 ± 1.2

6.9 ± 5.3

4.6 ± 5.2

0.008

11.4 ± 8.4

2.5 ± 2.2