Multimodal assessment of right ventricle overload-metabolic and clinical consequences in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Table 1 Basic characteristics of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) group and healthy controls

	Pulmonary artery hypertension	Healthy controls
Subjects, n	27	12
Age, years	49.5 ± 15.5	44.7 ± 13.5
Sex (females), % (n)	62 (17)	67 (8)
BSA, m²	1.8 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.2
6MWT, m	387 ± 103
BNP, pg/ml	269 [22–925]
Aetiology
IPAH/HPAH, % (n)	66 (18)
CTDPH, % (n)	14 (4)
CHDPH, % (n)	20 (5)
Therapy
PDE5 inhibitors, % (n)	40 (11)
ERA, % (n)	11 (3)
Prostacyclins, % (n)	20 (5)
Dual PDE5 inhibitor + ERA, % (n)	29 (8)
Hemodynamics
sPAP, mmHg	77.4 ± 27.7
dPAP, mmHg	32.3 ± 14.1
mPAP, mmHg	48.6 ± 17.6
PCWP, mmHg	10.3 ± 2.4
DPG, mmHg	22.9 ± 13.5
PVR, Wood Units	8.7 ± 5.4
CI, L/min/m²	2.7 ± 0.8
RAP, mmHg	8.6 ± 3.5
RV functional parameters (CMR)
RVEF, %	44.8 ± 10.2^	63.8 ± 5.8
TAPSE, mm	19 ± 4.3^	24.9 ± 2.4
RV EDV/BSA, ml/m²	117.8 ± 29.9^	73.6 ± 12.2
RV ESV/BSA, ml/m²	66.5 ± 27.1^	28.2 ± 9.6
RV mass/BSA, g/m²	42.9 ± 17.1^	23.8 ± 4.9
PAC, ml/mmHg	2.5 ± 1.6
GLS, %	− 16.4 ± 7.4^	− 30.7 ± 9.7
Myocardial metabolism (PET)
SUV_RV/SUV_LV ratio	1.03 ± 0.76^	0.19 ± 0.08

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]
6MWD 6-minute walk test distance, BSA body surface area, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, CI cardiac index, CHDPAH congenital heart disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension, CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance, CTDPAH connective tissue disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension, DPG diastolic pulmonary gradient, dPAP diastolic pulmonary artery pressure, EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, ERA endothelin receptor antagonist, GLS global longitudinal strain, HPAH heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, IPAH idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, GLS global longitudinal strain, mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure, PAC pulmonary arterial compliance, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PDE5 phosphodiesterase type 5, PET positron emission tomography, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, sPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure, RAP right atrial pressure, RV right ventricle, RVEF right ventricle ejection fraction, SUV standardized uptake value, SvO₂ mixed venous oxygen saturation, TAPSE cardiac magnetic resonance tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, WHO World Health Organisation
^Statistically significant difference between PAH and control groups, p < 0.005

ISSN: 1532-429X