Cardiac biomarkers in chronic kidney disease are independently associated with myocardial edema and diffuse fibrosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Table 2 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiographic measurements of function, structure and tissue characterization

Variable	Healthy controls (n = 38)	Patients (eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m²) (n = 242)	Patients (eGFR < 59 ml/min/1.73 m²) (n = 276)	Sig (p-value)*
LVEDV index, ml/m²	80 ± 11°	84 ± 20	93 ± 30	< 0.001
LVESV index, ml/m²	31 ± 5°	38 ± 19	46 ± 31	< 0.001
LVEF, %	61 ± 5°	57 ± 11	53 ± 17	< 0.001
LV mass index, g/m²	65 ± 15§	63 ± 16	70 ± 21	< 0.001
RVEF, %	62 ± 8°	57 ± 9	56 ± 13	0.42
LA area, cm²	21 ± 2°	23 ± 5	27 ± 7	0.002
GLS, %	24 ± 7§	24 ± 5	21 ± 8	< 0.001
GCS, %	24 ± 3°	29 ± 4	27 ± 8	0.08
Myocardial LGE, n (%)	0 (0)°	70 (29)	97 (35)	0.15
Ischemic type, n (%)	0 (0)°	34 (14)	44 (16)	0.64
Non-ischemic, n (%)	0 (0)°	36 (15)	53 (19)	0.37
Myocardial ischemia, n (%)	0 (0)°	27 (11)	44 (16)	0.10
Native T1 (ms)	1076 ± 18°	1123 ± 31	1152 ± 43	< 0.001
Native T1 > 1167 ms (5SD cut-off) (%)	/	24 (10)	83 (34)	< 0.001
Native T2 (ms)	35 ± 1°	37 ± 2	41 ± 4	< 0.001
Native T2 > 40 ms (2SD cut-off) (%)	/	43 (17)	117 (46)	< 0.001
Echo parameters
IVC diameter (mm)	10.3 ± 4°	9.8 ± 4.6	15.9 ± 3.1	< 0.001
IVC change (insp) (%)	57 ± 6§	58 ± 14	19 ± 23	< 0.001

Bold indicated p-value < 0.05
Mean ± SD, or median (IQR), p-value < 0.05 was considered significant
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (in units, ml/min/1.73 m²), EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, EF ejection fraction, GLS global longitudinal strain, GCS global circumferential strain, LV left ventricular, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, IVC inferior vena cava, SD standard deviation
^*p-value for comparison between patients’ groups (eGFR ≥ 60 vs eGFR < 59)
°p < 0.05 vs non-CKD and CKD patients’ groups
^§p < 0.05 vs CKD patients’ group

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