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Fig. 8 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Fig. 8

From: Free-breathing non-contrast flow-independent cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography using cardiac gated, magnetization-prepared 3D Dixon method: assessment of thoracic vasculature in congenital heart disease

Fig. 8

Multiplanar reformatted images in a 29-year-old male patient with venous anomaly: inferior vena cava (IVC) with hemiazygos continuation to the persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC), draining into the dilated coronary sinus (CS). Right SVC was also present without communicating vein. The hepatic veins (HV) were directly connected to the CS. REACT-CMRA (A, water-only reconstruction) offered good image quality, with clear visualization of the confluence (star) between persistent LSVC, vena hemiazygos (VHA), and the CS. Steady-state-CMRA (B) was non-diagnostic due to insufficient contrast within the anomalous veins. First-pass-CMRA (C) showed pronounced vessel artifacts with blurred image contours. Note the fine delineation between the left atrium (LA) and the CS (arrowhead), without visible fenestration which is only clearly evaluable on REACT-CMRA images

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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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