Table 1 Baseline characteristics and left ventricle characteristics

Baseline characteristics

Age, years

9.5 ± 2.5

8.8 ± 2.5

9.2 ± 2.7

8.5 ± 2.4

Males (%)

25 (100%)

99 (100%)

49 (100%)

50 (100%)

Height, cm

135.7 ± 17.6

125.8 ± 12.5*

127.8 ± 12.3

124.2 ± 12.5*

Weight, kg

32.5 ± 10.5

28.5 ± 9.8

29.2 ± 8.9

27.9 ± 10.1

BMI, kg/m²

17.2 ± 2.5

17.5 ± 3.7

17.4 ± 3.2

17.6 ± 4.1

BSA, m²

1.8 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.2*

1.7 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2*

Medications

 Corticosteroids

0

60 (60%)

34 (69%)

26 (52%)

 ACEI

0

19 (19%)

10 (20%)

9 (18%)

 β-blocker

0

20 (20%)

13 (27%)

7 (14%)

 Diuretic

0

8 (8%)

6 (12%)

2 (4%)

Left ventricle characteristics

Heart rate, bpm

80.9 ± 13.7

95.9 ± 14.8*

92.3 ± 18.6*

97.7 ± 16.6*

EF, %

62.0 ± 3.9

60.1 ± 8.0

57.3 ± 8.6*

62.7 ± 6.4^&

EDVI, mL/m²

53.0 ± 10.7

43.5 ± 10.2*

46.9 ± 10.8

40.3 ± 8.7^*&

ESVI, mL/m²

20.2 ± 4.9

17.3 ± 5.2*

19.9 ± 5.3

15.0 ± 3.8*^&

LVMI, g/m²

30.1 ± 8.0

23.9 ± 6.0*

25.4 ± 6.1*

22.5 ± 5.6*