Fig. 1

a Assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR) by transthoracic echocardiogram. A Apical 5-chamber view with Color Doppler demonstrating AR (yellow arrow). B Pulse-wave Doppler within the descending aorta with holodiastolic flow reversal (red arrow). C, D Apical 4-chamber and 2-chamber views (respectively) demonstrating traced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume. b Assessment of AR by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). A Cine balanced steady-state free precession image demonstrating dephasing consistent with AR (red arrow). B Phase-contrast imaging with contours traced for the ascending (red contour) and descending (green contour) aorta. C Measured anterograde and retrograde flow of the ascending (red line) and descending (green line) aorta with holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta (green arrows). D Measurements obtained from flow analysis