Table 1 Clinical characteristics and CMR findings of the mitral stenosis cohort and controls
Characteristics | Mitral stenosis (n = 40) | Controls (n = 20) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age | 45 (34, 55) | 54 (45, 62) | 0.03 |
Female | 30 (75%) | 12 (60%) | 0.23 |
Comorbidities | |||
Coronary artery disease | 0 (0%) | 6 (30%) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 17 (43%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 (8%) | 6 (30%) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 5 (13%) | 10 (50%) | 0.002 |
Mitral valve area by PHT on echocardiography (cm2) | (n = 28) 0.85 (0.73, 1.10) | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Symptoms prior to CMR | |||
Dyspnea on exertion | 24 (60%) | 2 (10%) | < 0.001 |
Palpitations | 17 (43%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 |
Syncope | 3 (8%) | 1 (5%) | 0.71 |
Angina | 18 (46%) | 2 (10%) | 0.006 |
Vital signs prior to CMR | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115 (108, 127) | 130 (128, 150) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 (67, 79) | 80 (70, 90) | 0.02 |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 80 (67, 99) | 76 (56, 81) | 0.03 |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.60 (1.49, 1.70) | 1.70 (1.58, 1.79) | 0.01 |
CMR findings | |||
Mitral valve area by planimetry (cm2) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.56) | 4.05 (3.73, 4.5) | < 0.001 |
LA maximal volume (mL/m2) | 87 (67, 108) | 29 (22, 34) | < 0.001 |
LA minimal volume (mL/m2) | 68 (52, 88) | 11 (8, 14) | < 0.001 |
LA emptying fraction (%) | 20 (13, 30) | 61 (51, 65) | < 0.001 |
RA maximal area (cm2) | 20 (16, 23) | 13 (12, 16) | < 0.001 |
LVEF (%) | 51 (42, 55) | 60 (57, 65) | < 0.001 |
LVEDV (mL) | 114 (97, 151) | 113 (94, 132) | 0.48 |
LVEDVI (mL/m2) | 72 (61, 93) | 68 (57, 80) | 0.17 |
LVESV (mL) | 57 (43, 79) | 40 (35, 59) | 0.02 |
LVSVI (mL/m2) | 35 (27, 49) | 26 (20, 34) | 0.004 |
LV stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 36 (28, 44) | 40 (36, 47) | 0.16 |
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.4) | 2.8 (2.1, 3.5) | 0.89 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 43 (34, 52) | 33 (29, 44) | 0.02 |
LV global longitudinal strain (%) | (n = 20) − 16 (− 18, − 14) | (n = 20) − 20 (− 22, − 18) | < 0.001 |
RVEF (%) | 44 (40, 52) | 64 (59, 67) | < 0.001 |
RVEDV (mL) | 113 (98, 142) | 93 (86, 116) | 0.02 |
RVEDVI | 72 (58, 87) | 59 (49, 69) | 0.003 |
RVESV (mL) | 66 (46, 80) | 33 (30, 39) | < 0.001 |
RVESVI | 41 (29, 48) | 19 (18, 23) | < 0.001 |
Wall motion abnormalities | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
LGE presence | (n = 39) 32 (82%) | (n = 20) 1 (5%) | < 0.001 |
Epicardial | 0% | 0% | NS |
Midmyocardial | 32 (82%) | 1 (5%) | < 0.001 |
Subendocardial | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
LGE – inferior RV insertion | 31 (79%) | 1 (5%) | < 0.001 |
LGE – superior RV insertion | 5 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 0.006 |