Table 2 Clinical characteristics and CMR findings of the mitral stenosis cohort, stratified by country
Characteristics | China (n = 15) | India (n = 19) | Mexico (n = 6) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 55 (52, 64) | 34 (24, 41) | 53 (48, 65) | < 0.001 |
Female | 12 (80%) | 12 (63%) | 6 (100%) | 0.16 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Atrial fibrillation | 11 (73%) | 4 (21%) | 2 (33%) | 0.008 |
Diabetes | 2 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (17%) | 0.22 |
Hypertension | 2 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (50%) | 0.005 |
Mitral valve area by PHT on echocardiogram (cm2) | (n = 4) 1.3 (0.7, 1.9) | (n = 18) 0.8 (0.7, 1) | (n = 6) 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.16 |
PASP on echocardiogram (mmHg) | – | 43 (30, 53) | 38 (32, 42) | 0.33 |
Symptoms prior to CMR | ||||
Dyspnea on exertion | 3 (20%) | 15 (79%) | 6 (100%) | < 0.001 |
Palpitations | 4 (27%) | 9 (47%) | 4 (67%) | 0.21 |
Syncope | 2 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (17%) | 0.22 |
Angina | 14 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (67%) | < 0.001 |
Vital signs prior to CMR | ||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 110 (107, 118) | 116 (112, 128) | 121 (106, 135) | 0.52 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 (69, 79) | 72 (62, 80) | 74 (51, 84) | 0.79 |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 84 (74, 101) | 80 (60, 103) | 75 (66, 89) | 0.64 |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.63 (1.53, 1.72) | 1.56 (1.47, 1.66) | 1.72 (1.51, 1.80) | 0.09 |
CMR findings | ||||
Mitral valve area by planimetry (cm2) | (n = 12) 1.9 (1.4, 2.2) | (n = 19) 1 (0.7, 1.2) | (n = 6) 1.3 (0.9, 1.6) | < 0.004 |
LA maximal volume (mL/m2) | 109 (90, 153) | 80 (59, 98) | 80 (68, 98) | 0.008 |
LA minimal volume (mL/m2) | 95 (63, 139) | 59 (37, 83) | 57 (52, 81) | 0.03 |
LA emptying fraction (%) | 17 (11, 30) | 20 (13, 33) | 24 (18, 27) | 0.57 |
RA maximal area (cm2) | 22 (16, 25) | 17 (15, 22) | 21 (19, 23) | 0.12 |
LVEF (%) | 48 (40, 56) | 48 (41, 52) | 63 (54, 67) | 0.007 |
LVEDV (mL) | 133 (103, 167) | 105 (88, 136) | 123 (106, 144) | 0.24 |
LVEDVI (mL/m2) | 74 (66, 94) | 64 (58, 93) | 72 (64, 92) | 0.46 |
LVESV (mL) | 76 (46, 93) | 57 (45, 61) | 42 (38, 64) | 0.18 |
LVESVI (mL/m2) | 43 (27, 51) | 35 (31, 42) | 27 (23, 36) | 0.20 |
LV stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 35 (27, 44) | 33 (27, 42) | 46 (38, 53) | 0.08 |
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.4) | 2.5 (2.2, 3.5) | 3.1 (2.6, 4.0) | 0.26 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 50 (42, 63) | 35 (30, 46) | 44 (35, 54) | 0.003 |
LV global longitudinal strain (%) | Not performed | (n = 14) − 16 (− 17, − 14) | (n = 6) − 16 (− 18, − 14) | 0.62 |
RVEF (%) | 43 (40, 54) | 43 (36, 49) | 49 (44, 59) | 0.15 |
RVEDV (mL) | 110 (86, 128) | 124 (104, 147) | 111 (96, 153) | 0.32 |
RVEDVI (mL/m2) | 65 (53, 77) | 76 (68, 89) | 72 (55, 89) | 0.09 |
RVESV (mL) | 61 (45, 73) | 68 (59, 88) | 57 (40, 89) | 0.35 |
RVESVI (mL/m2) | 35 (28, 46) | 42 (40, 55) | 36 (23, 51) | 0.11 |
Wall motion abnormalities | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
LGE presence | (n = 14) 11 (79%) | (n = 19) 15 (79%) | (n = 6) 6 (100%) | 0.46 |
Epicardial | 0% | 0% | 0% | NS |
Midmyocardial | 11 (79%) | 15 (79%) | 6 (100%) | 0.46 |
Subendocardial | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
LGE – inferior RV insertion | 11 (79%) | 15 (79%) | 5 (83%) | 0.97 |
LGE – superior RV insertion | 4 (29%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (17%) | < 0.001 |
Native T1 (ms) | (n = 9) 3 T scanner: 1275 (1236, 1340) | (n = 18) 1.5 T scanner: 990 (964, 1029) | – | Not applicable* |
ECV (%) | (n = 8) 28.6 (28.1, 29.4) | (n = 17) 27.3 (23.3, 30.4) | – | 0.43 |