Table 11 Heart transplantation standard imaging
Sequence | Imaging plane | Indication |
|---|---|---|
Standard imaging | ||
Cine bSSFP | Short-axis stack LV long-axis views | LV volumes, mass, and EF RV volumes, mass, and EF Regional wall thickness and motion |
T2 imaging and/or mapping | 1–3 short-axis views | Myocardial edema |
T1 mapping (native, pre-contrast) | 1–3 short-axis views | Myocardial characterization |
Early gadolinium enhancement | Short-axis view | Hyperemia |
Late gadolinium enhancement | Short-axis stack Long-axis views | Myocardial inflammation or fibrosis |
T1 mapping (post-contrast) | 1–3 short-axis views LV long-axis view(s) | Myocardial characterization |
Additional case-specific or comprehensive imaging | ||
Myocardial perfusion (with regadenoson stress using 1/4 of total gadolinium dosea) | 1–3 short-axis views LV long-axis view(s) | Coronary artery evaluation |
Myocardial perfusion (at rest using 1/4 of total gadolinium dose, followed by administration of remainder of gadolinium contrasta) | 1–3 short-axis views LV long-axis view(s) | Coronary artery evaluation |
Dynamic magnetic resonance angiography | Persistent superior cavopulmonary anastomosis assessment | |
Respiratory navigator-gated, ECG-triggered magnetic resonance contrast angiography | Venous or arterial evaluation | |
Phase contrast flow | Ascending aorta Main pulmonary artery (if indicated) Atrioventricular valves (if indicated) | Valve dysfunction |
Black blood imaging (especially with metallic artifact) | Axial stack | Venous or arterial evaluation |