Table 8 CMR features of cardiac tumors and masses in childrena
Tumor type | Location | bSSFP | T1 | T1 + Fat sat | T2 | FPP | LGE | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fibroma | Intramyocardial, ventricular septum or free wall | – | ± | ± | ± | No | + + (well-defined border ± dark core) | Can be in an atypical location (e.g., atria) |
Rhabdomyoma | Intramyocardial or intracavitary, attached to myocardium, often multiple tumors | ± | ± | ± | + | No | –– | |
Malignant | Infiltrativeb | ± | ± | Variable | ± (if + then heterogenous appearance) | Known malignancy, pericardial effusion | ||
Vascularc | Variable | ± | – | – | + (variable) | Strong | + (variable and heterogenous) | Consider malignant tumor |
Thrombus | Mural or intraluminal | – | – | – | – | No | –– | LGE sequence, long inversion time |
Myxoma | Typically left atrium but can be in any chamber | ± | ± | ± | + | No | ± | Irregular, pedunculated, mobile |
Fibroelastoma | Pedunculated, mobile endocardial or valvular mass | – | – | – | – | No | ||
Pleuropericardial cyst | Right cardiophrenic angle | + + | – | – | + + | No | – | Smooth-walled and well-defined |
Purkinje cell tumor | Ventricular myocardium | + + | –– | – | No | Ventricular arrhythmia | ||
Teratoma | Intrapericardial (usually compressing SVC and/or right atrium) | ± | No | Multilocular bosselated mass with solid and cystic areas | ||||
Lipoma | Any chamber | – | + + | –– | ± | No | – |