Table 9 Pericardial disease combined standard and case-specific imaging
Sequence | Imaging plane | Indication |
|---|---|---|
Spin echo CMR or cine bSSFP | Axial | Pericardial thickness, fluid extent, localization |
Cine bSSFP | Short-axis views | Ventricular and atrial size and shape, ventricular function |
LV long-axis views RV-specific views | ||
Cine CMR with tagging | Short-axis stack LV 4-chamber view | Screen for fusion of pericardium and myocardium in constriction |
Real-time free-breathing bSSFP | Short axis | Ventricular coupling: ventricular septal shape motion pattern with respiration in constriction |
T1- or T2-weighted with post Gadolinium spin echo or cine SSFP | Axial | Pericardial layer or fluid characterization |
Late gadolinium enhancement | Axial | Distinguish fat vs. fibrosis vs. inflammation |
Velocity encoded phase contrast flow | 4-chamber view | Abnormal atrioventricular valve filling in constrictive pericarditis |