Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participant patients

Demographics and clinical data

 Total amount of participants

113

 Female

58 (51%)

 Age (years)

56 [45–67]

 BMI (Kg/m²)

26.4 ± 4.6

 NYHA functional class

  I

90 (80%)

  II

15 (13%)

  III

8 (7%)

 Hypertension

43 (38%)

 Diabetes mellitus

5 (4%)

 Dyslipidemia

27 (24%)

 Smoking^a

  Never

72 (64%)

  Former

26 (23%)

  Current

10 (9%)

 Medications

  ACE inhibitors or ARBs

64 (57%)

  Beta-blockers

41 (36%)

  Spironolactone

16 (14%)

  Furosemide

26 (23%)

  Thiazides

21 (19%)

  Amiodarone

21 (19%)

  Statins

23 (20%)

  Aspirin

21 (19%)

Electrocardiography

 1st or 2nd degree AV block

30 (27%)

 Left bundle branch block

9 (8%)

 Right bundle branch block

57 (50%)

 Left anterior fascicular block

42 (37%)

 Premature ventricular contractions

17 (15%)

 Low QRS voltage

13 (12%)