Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients with and without death
Parameters | Total patients (n = 624) | Death (n = 116) | Survival (n = 508) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 48 ± 15 | 51 ± 17 | 47 ± 14 | 0.033 |
Men, n (%) | 444 (71.2) | 77 (66.4) | 367 (72.2) | 0.208 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 8.4 | 22.4 ± 3.8 | 24.5 ± 8.7 | 0.011 |
NYHA class | < 0.001 | |||
I, n (%) | 39 (6.3) | 2 (1.7) | 37 (7.3) | |
II, n (%) | 218 (34.9) | 27 (23.3) | 191 (37.6) | |
III, n (%) | 265 (42.5) | 62 (53.4) | 203 (40.0) | |
IV, n (%) | 102 (16.3) | 25 (21.6) | 77 (15.2) | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117 ± 18 | 111 ± 15 | 118 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 ± 14 | 72 ± 11 | 77 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
Heart rates (beats/min) | 81 ± 17 | 80 ± 15 | 81 ± 17 | 0.368 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Smoking, n (%) | 292 (46.8) | 57 (49.1) | 235 (46.3) | 0.575 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 186 (29.8) | 35 (30.2) | 151 (29.7) | 0.924 |
LBBB, n (%) | 82 (13.1) | 21 (18.1) | 61 (12.0) | 0.008 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 150 (24.0) | 22 (19.0) | 128 (25.2) | 0.156 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 75 (12.0) | 19 (16.4) | 56 (11.0) | 0.109 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 80 (69–97) | 86 (72–108) | 79 (67–94) | < 0.001 |
Troponin T (ng/L) | 19 (11–32) | 31 (16–52) | 17 (10–27) | < 0.001 |
NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 1752 (623–3573) | 2957 (1800–6082) | 1348 (489–3013) | < 0.001 |
Medications | ||||
ACEI/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 517 (82.9) | 91 (78.4) | 426 (83.9) | 0.163 |
β-blockers, n (%) | 535 (85.7) | 95 (81.9) | 440 (86.6) | 0.190 |
Spironolactone, n (%) | 493 (79.0) | 95 (81.9) | 398 (78.3) | 0.397 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 468 (75.0) | 99 (85.3) | 369 (72.6) | 0.004 |
Digoxin, n (%) | 174 (27.9) | 49 (42.2) | 125 (24.6) | < 0.001 |
Warfarin, n (%) | 77 (12.3) | 22 (19.0) | 55 (10.8) | 0.016 |
CMR parameters | ||||
LVEF (%) | 25.4 ± 11.7 | 19.6 ± 7.4 | 26.6 ± 12.0 | < 0.001 |
LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 181.2 ± 58.6 | 216.4 ± 59.5 | 173.7 ± 55.6 | < 0.001 |
LVESVI (ml/m2) | 139.0 ± 58.3 | 175.8 ± 56.6 | 131.2 ± 55.7 | < 0.001 |
LVMI (g/m2) | 87.3 ± 28.1 | 91.8 ± 30.3 | 86.4 ± 27.6 | 0.080 |
RVEF (%) | 36.7 ± 14.6 | 31.8 ± 14.8 | 37.7 ± 14.3 | < 0.001 |
LGE present, n (%) | 261 (41.8) | 71 (61.2) | 191 (37.6) | < 0.001 |
LAEDVI (ml/m2) | 119.5 ± 65.5 | 149.6 ± 81.3 | 112.8 ± 59.5 | < 0.001 |
LAEF (%) | 34.3 ± 15.8 | 26.0 ± 11.8 | 36.1 ± 16.0 | < 0.001 |
RAVI max (ml/m2) | 50.4 ± 23.8 | 58.3 ± 30.0 | 48.6 ± 21.8 | 0.001 |
RAVI p-ac (ml/m2) | 42.6 ± 22.2 | 51.0 ± 28.5 | 40.7 ± 20.1 | < 0.001 |
RAVI min (ml/m2) | 34.0 ± 22.0 | 43.1 ± 28.4 | 31.9 ± 19.8 | < 0.001 |
RA total fraction (%) | 35.6 ± 14.0 | 30.3 ± 13.8 | 36.8 ± 13.8 | < 0.001 |
RA passive fraction (%) | 16.6 ± 7.8 | 14.3 ± 6.5 | 17.1 ± 7.9 | 0.001 |
RA active fraction (%) | 23.4 ± 12.2 | 19.2 ± 11.9 | 24.3 ± 12.1 | < 0.001 |
RA reservoir strain (%) | 23.2 ± 7.2 | 16.5 ± 10.5 | 24.7 ± 12.2 | < 0.001 |
RA conduit strain (%) | 10.8 ± 6.4 | 7.5 ± 4.9 | 11.5 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
RA booster strain (%) | 12.4 ± 7.2 | 9.0 ± 6.5 | 13.2 ± 7.1 | < 0.001 |