Table 4 Left ventricular morphology and function, wall thickness dispersion index, relative wall mass and left ventricular/right ventricular ratios reference parameters summary data (mean, 95% confidence interval) for medium and high intensity sports, with gender cut-offs when applicable, and for specific sports

LV EDV (mL)^†‡

186 ± 36 (116, 256)

214 ± 38 (140, 288)

159 ± 27 (106, 212)

211 ± 41 (130, 292)

150 ± 23 (105, 197)

211 ± 38 (136, 286)

159 ± 27 (106, 212)

LV EDV/BSA (mL/m²)^†

102 ± 16 (72, 134)

110 ± 17 (77, 143)

95 ± 13 (70, 120)

111 ± 18 (76, 146)

95 ± 15 (66, 124)

109 ± 17 (76, 143)

93 ± 13 (68, 128)

LV ESV (mL)^*†‡

68 ± 19 (31, 105)

78 ± 21 (37, 119)

58 ± 15 (29, 87)

76 ± 20 (37, 116)

58 ± 13 (32, 84)

79 ± 23 (34, 124)

59 ± 14 (31, 87)

LV ESV/BSA (mL/m²)^*†

38 ± 9 (21, 57)

40 ± 10 (21, 59)

36 ± 8 (20, 52)

40 ± 10 (21, 59)

35 ± 7 (21, 49)

42 ± 11 (21, 65)

37 ± 6 (25, 49)

LV EF (%)*

64 ± 6 (53, 74)

64 ± 6 (53, 74)

64 ± 6 (53, 74)

64 ± 6 (52, 75)

63 ± 7 (50, 77)

63 ± 6 (51, 75)

63 ± 7 (50, 77)

LVM excluding PM (g)^†

142 ± 28 (89, 197)

176 ± 31 (116, 236)

110 ± 18 (75, 145)

173 ± 29 (116, 231)

108 ± 19 (71, 145)

176 ± 31 (115, 237)

116 ± 18 (80, 151)

LVM excluding PM /BSA (g/m²)^†

78 ± 13 (52, 103)

90 ± 14 (63, 117)

65 ± 10 (45, 86)

90 ± 14 (63, 117)

69 ± 13 (44, 94)

91 ± 14 (63, 118)

73 ± 11 (51, 95)

LV RWM excluding PM (g/mL)^†

0.75 ± 0.16 (0.43, 1.07)

0.82 ± 0.18 (0.47, 1.17)

0.69 ± 0.13 (0.44, 0.95)

0.80 ± 0.19 (0.43, 1.17)

0.73 ± 0.11 (0.51, 0.95)

0.84 ± 0.18 (0.48, 1.20)

0.74 ± 0.12 (0.50, 0.97)

Max WT (mm)^†

9.0 ± 1.4 (6, 12)

10.0 ± 1.5 (7, 13)

8.0 ± 1.3 (5, 11)

10.2 ± 1.5 (7, 13)

8.0 ± 0.9 (6, 10)

10.4 ± 1.6 (7, 13)

8.5 ± 1.1 (7, 11)

WTDI (mm)^†

1.01 ± 0.21 (0.59, 1.43)

1.17 ± 0.21 (0.75, 1.59)

.85 ± 0.20 (0.45, 1.25)

1.15 ± 0.21 (0.74, 1.57)

.86 ± 0.20 (0.46, 1.25)

1.09 ± 0.23 (0.65, 1.55)

0.90 ± 0.20 (0.50, 1.30)

WT AB ratio

0.80 ± 0.07 (0.66, 0.94)

0.79 ± 0.06 (0.67, 0.91)

0.80 ± 0.07 (0.66, 0.94)

0.78 ± 0.07 (0.64, 0.92)

0.78 ± 0.07 (0.64, 0.92)

0.81 ± 0.05 (0.71, 0.91)

0.79 ± 0.04 (0.71, 0.87)

PM mass (g)^†

5.5 ± 1.4 (2.8, 8.3)

6.3 ± 1.5 (3.5, 9.1)

4.8 ± 1.3 (2.3, 7.4)

6.2 ± 1.5 (3.3, 9.1)

4.8 ± 1.0 (2.8, 6.8)

6.3 ± 1.5 (3.3, 9.3)

5.1 ± 1.3 (2.5, 7.6)

PM mass /BSA (g/m²)^†

3.0 ± 0.8 (1.5, 4.6)

3.2 ± 0.8 (1.7, 4.8)

2.8 ± 0.7 (1.5, 4.1)

3.3 ± 0.8 (1.7, 4.8)

3.0 ± 0.5 (2.0, 4.0)

3.3 ± 0.8 (1.7, 4.8)

3.3 ± 0.6 (2.1, 4.5)

LV AVPD, septal (%)

20 ± 3 (14, 26)

19 ± 3 (13, 25)

20 ± 3 (14, 26)

19 ± 3 (13, 25)

20 ± 3 (14, 26)

18 ± 4 (10, 26)

19 ± 4 (11, 27)

LV AVPD, lateral (%)^*

19 ± 3 (13, 25)

18 ± 3 (12, 24)

19 ± 3 (13, 25)

18 ± 3 (12, 24)

19 ± 3 (13, 25)

18 ± 4 (10, 25)

19 ± 3 (13, 25)

Sphericity index, ES

2.32 ± 0.33 (1.67, 2.97)

2.34 ± 0.33 (1.68, 2.00)

2.30 ± 0.32 (1.66, 2.94)

2.30 ± 0.30 (1.70, 2.90)

2.29 ± 0.30 (1.69, 2.89)

2.40 ± 0.32 (1.67, 3.03)

2.35 ± 0.31 (1.63, 2.97)

Sphericity index, ED^*

1.97 ± 0.20 (1.58, 2.36)

1.98 ± 0.20 (1.57, 2.36)

2.00 ± 0.20 (1.60, 2.40)

1.93 ± 0.20 (1.54, 2.33)

2.00 ± 0.17 (1.66, 2.34)

1.99 ± 0.21 (1.57, 2.40)

1.98 ± 0.20 (1.59, 2.38)

LV / RV EDV ratio

1.01 ± 0.10 (0.80, 1.20)

1.02 ± 0.10 (0.82, 1.22)

1.01 ± 0.10 (0.81, 1.21)

1.03 ± 0.11 (0.91, 1.24)

0.99 ± 0.09 (0.81, 1.17)

1.02 ± 0.10 (0.82, 1.22)

1.03 ± 0.11 (0.81, 1.24)

LV / RV ESV ratio

0.95 ± 0.17 (0.61, 1.28)

0.96 ± 0.17 (0.62, 1.30)

0.94 ± 0.17 (0.60, 1.28)

1.00 ± 0.17 (0.66, 1.33)

0.97 ± 0.17 (0.63, 1.30)

0.97 ± 0.17 (0.63, 1.30)

0.98 ± 0.17 (0.64, 1.31)

LV / RV EF ratio

1.05 ± 0.08 (0.89, 1.21)

1.03 ± 0.07 (0.89, 1.17)

1.06 ± 0.08 (0.90, 1.22)

1.03 ± 0.07 (0.89, 1.17)

1.03 ± 0.08 (0.88, 1.19)

1.04 ± 0.07 (0.90, 1.17)

1.05 ± 0.08 (0.90, 1.21)