Fig. 2

Illustration of the definition of the pressure recovery distance based on momentum (PRecDist-M; accessed via simplified advective work–energy relative pressure formulation—SAW) or based on turbulent dissipation (PRecDist-T) relative to the effective orifice area (EOA), based on an exemplary experimental result in our phantom. The distance is defined from the point of the effective orifice area (when momentum is greatest), until the recovery of 95% either the momentum created (in PRecDist-M) or until the accumulation of 95% of turbulent dissipation (in PRecDist-T )