Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Control Individuals, ASD Patients, EA Patients without or with ASD
Normal n = 40 | ASD n = 35 | EA without ASD n = 76 | EA with ASD n = 31 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 45.4 ± 9.7 | 43.5 ± 13.7 | 38.5 ± 13.3* | 41.0 ± 12.9 | 0.006 |
Male Gender, n (%) | 14 (35%) | 10 (29%) | 27 (36%) | 9 (29%) | 0.740 |
BSA, m2 | 1.57 ± 0.11 | 1.54 ± 0.13 | 1.54 ± 0.12 | 1.52 ± 0.11 | 0.152 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.9 ± 1.7 | 21.9 ± 3.5 | 21.4 ± 2.5 | 21.4 ± 1.9 | 0.557 |
Heart rate, bpm | 76 ± 7.9 | 80 ± 16 | 80 ± 14 | 81 ± 9.7 | 0.246 |
Cyanosis, n (%) | – | 2 (5.7%) | 5 (6.6%) | 13 (42%)†‡ | < 0.001 |
LGE +, n (%) | – | 14 (40%) | 14 (18%) | 16 (52%)‡ | 0.003 |
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | – | 22 (63%) | 42 (55%) | 17 (55%) | 0.730 |
NYHA functional class, n (%) | |||||
I | – | 4 (11%) | 12 (16%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.347 |
II | – | 23 (66%) | 47 (62%) | 19 (61%) | |
III | – | 7 (20%) | 16 (21%) | 6 (19%) | |
IV | – | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (1.3%) | 3 (9.7%) | |
Echocardiogram measures | |||||
Posterior leaflet offset (mm/m2) | – | – | 26 ± 7.3 | 31 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
Septal leaflet offset (mm/m2) | – | – | 14 (11–18) | 20 (16–24) | < 0.001 |
Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%) | |||||
Mild/moderate | – | 23 (66%) | 35 (46%)† | 6 (19%)†‡ | < 0.001 |
Severe | – | 7 (20%) | 41 (54%)† | 25 (81%)†‡ | |