Table 3 Left Ventricle Strain Parameters Difference between Normal Individuals, ASD Patients, EA Patients without or with ASD

39 (36 to 48)

30 (19 to 37)^*

34 (30 to 39)^*†

30 (25 to 37)^*

< 0.001

− 20 (− 21 to − 18)

− 16 (− 18 to − 13)^*

− 18 (− 20 to − 16)^*

− 16 (− 18 to − 13)^*

0.001

− 15 (− 18 to − 14)

− 12 (− 15 to − 7.8)^*

− 12 (− 15 to − 10)^*

− 9.3 (− 12 to − 6.3)^*

< 0.001

2.3 (2.1 to 2.7)

1.8 (1.2 to 2.3)

2.0 (1.6 to 2.4)

1.8 (1.6 to 2.1)

0.096

− 1.0 (− 1.2 to − 0.9)

− 1.0 (− 1.1 to − 0.8)

− 1.0 (− 1.2 to − 0.9)

− 0.9 (− 1.0 to − 0.8)

0.169

− 0.8 (− 1.0 to − 0.7)

− 0.8 (− 0.9 to − 0.7)

− 0.7 (− 0.9 to − 0.6)

− 0.6 (− 0.7 to − 0.4)

0.159

− 3.0 (− 3.6 to − 2.6)

− 1.8 (− 2.6 to − 1.4)*

− 2.6 (− 3.1 to − 1.7)^*

− 1.9 (− 2.4 to − 1.6)^*

 < 0.001

1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)

1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)*

1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)*

1.1 (0.8 to 1.3)

0.004

1.0 (0.9 to 1.3)

0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)*

0.8 (0.6 to 1.0)*

0.6 (0.5 to 0.7)*^†‡

 < 0.001