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Combined stress myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance provides robust prognostic data to cardiac events
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 12, Article number: O12 (2010)
Introduction
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) can obtain accurate information regarding ventricular function, viability, and can also detect evidence of ischemia by myocardial perfusion imaging. While each of these components may prognosticate cardiac patients from a different pathophysiologic perspective, we seek to determine the relative strengths of association of each of these components of CMR with hard cardiac events.
Purpose
We further hypothesize that evidence of myocardial ischemia can provide incremental prognostic information beyond LVEF and presence of myocardial scar.
Methods
We performed stress CMR on 473 patients (196 females, mean age 56 ± 12 years) with an intermediate pre-test likelihood of CAD referred for assessment of myocardial ischemia. Rest and vasodilator stress CMR myocardial perfusion were performed using a 0.07-0.1 mmol/Kg bolus infusion of gadolinium, followed by cine function imaging and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) 10 minutes after a cumulative dose of 0.15-0.2 mmol/Kg of gadolinium. CMR myocardial perfusion images were interpreted for reversible myocardial perfusion defect (RevPD) using the 16-segment nomenclature and LGE was graded separately. The readers were blinded to all clinical outcomes.
Results
At a median follow-up of 26.4 months (range from 3 months to 7 years), 39 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (8%) had occurred (27 cardiac deaths and 12 acute myocardial infarctions). A CMR study negative for RevPD and LGE predicted a low negative annual event rate for MACE (1.3%) and cardiac deaths (0.9%). By univariable analysis, the presence of RevPD and LGE portended to >6-fold and >2.67-fold increase in MACE, respectively (P < 0.001, P = 0.003) (table 1). In addition, RevPD and LGE portended to a >4-fold increase and >3-fold to increase in cardiac death (P < 0.001, P = 0.006), respectively. Adjusting for age, LVEF and LGE, RevPD maintains a strong adjusted association with MACE (adjusted HR 4.2 P < 0.001). By stepwise forward selection strategy (table 2), considering all available variables, RevPD persisted as a strong predictor of MACE in the best final model.
Conclusion
Reversible myocardial perfusion as evidence of myocardial ischemia provides strong and incremental prognostic information to patients presented with an intermediate likelihood of CAD. In addition, combining myocardial perfusion imaging and late gadolinium enhancement imaging, a negative CMR study portends an excellent (99%) negative event rate for cardiac death.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Coelho-Filho, O.R., Seabra, L.F., Gupta, S. et al. Combined stress myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance provides robust prognostic data to cardiac events. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 12 (Suppl 1), O12 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-O12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-O12
Keywords
- Myocardial Perfusion
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
- Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
- Late Gadolinium Enhancement
- Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event