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Degree of mitral regurgitation and left ventricular scarring are more powerful predictors of long-term outcomes than volumes and sphericity: a multi-modality imaging study in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 12, Article number: O37 (2010)
Background
Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction exhibit adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling, with increasing sphericity, which predicts long-term mortality. Myocardial scarring, measured accurately by delayed hyperenhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (DHE-CMR), and mitral regurgitation (MR), also predicts outcomes in such patients.
Objective
In patients with severe ICM, we sought to assess the impact of LV sphericity, myocardial scarring (both measured on CMR) and MR (measured on Doppler echocardiography), on long-term survival.
Methods
Patients (n = 326) with > 70% disease in ≥ 1 epicardial coronary artery (77% men, median age 66 years and median LV ejection fraction or EF of 22%) undergoing Doppler echocardiography and CMR (Siemens 1.5-T scanner, Erlangen, Germany) were studied. CMR evaluation included long and short axis assessment of LV function on balanced steady state free precession images along with assessment of myocardial scar (on phase-sensitive inversion recovery DHE-CMR sequence ~10-20 minutes after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg of Gadolinium dimenglumine). Scar was measured automatically measured as > 2 SD above viable myocardium. LV scar score (defined as summed segmental scar score per patient divided by 17, with maximum being 4) was recorded on DHE-CMR images as: 0 = none, 1 = 1-25%, 2 = 26-50%, 3 = 51-75%, and 4 = > 75%; and subdivided into 7 anterior, 5 inferior and 5 lateral segments. LV volumes and LV ejection fraction were calculated. LV sphericity was measured on end-diastolic 4-chamber cine view as D1+D2+D3/3L (Figure 1). LV volumes and sphericity was indexed to body surface area. Vena contracta (cm) was measured on Doppler echocardiography. A composite end-point of cardiac transplantation and all-cause mortality was recorded.
Results
Over a follow-up of 4.0 years [interquartile range 2.6, 5.1], there were 92 events (87 deaths and 5 cardiac transplantations). Results of Univariable Cox Proportional survival analysis are shown in Table 1. However, on multivariable survival analysis, only age (hazard ratio or HR 1.04 [1.02-1.06], p < 0.001), gender (HR 2.04 [1.33-3.14], p < 0.001), vena contracta (HR 4.60 [2.32-9.14], p < 0.001) and inferior scar score (HR 1.27 [1.09-1.49], p = 0.002); and not LV volumes or sphericity remained significant predictors of outcomes (C-index 0.77 and chi-square of overall model 50.17, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
In ICM patients with severe LV dysfunction, degree MR and myocardial scarring (particularly inferior scar) are better predictors of long-term outcomes, as compared to LV volumes, EF or sphericity.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Kwon, D., Popovic, Z.B., Menon, V. et al. Degree of mitral regurgitation and left ventricular scarring are more powerful predictors of long-term outcomes than volumes and sphericity: a multi-modality imaging study in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 12 (Suppl 1), O37 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-O37
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-O37
Keywords
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Left Ventricular Volume
- Doppler Echocardiography
- Myocardial Scarring
- Vena Contracta