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3.0 T contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of the cardiac venous anatomy
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 12, Article number: O89 (2010)
Introduction
In cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), left ventricular (LV) pacing is achieved by positioning the LV lead in one of the tributaries of the coronary sinus (CS). Pre-implantation knowledge of the venous anatomy may help to decide whether transvenous LV lead placement for CRT is feasible. A recent study using navigator-gated whole-heart steady-state free precession coronary artery imaging demonstrates that MR can depict the anatomy of the venous system at 1.5 T [1]. Contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) has been used to evaluate coronary artery disease at 3.0 T [2]. The purpose of the work is to assess whether contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA can be used to evaluate the coronary venous anatomy as well.
Purpose
To evaluate the value of 3.0 T contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA to depict the cardiac venous anatomy.
Methods
Fifty-one subjects (45 patients and 6 volunteers; 26 men; age 59 ± 11 years) underwent contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA at 3.0 T (MAGNETOM Tim Trio, Siemens) after written informed consent was obtained. Data acquisition was performed using ECG-triggered, navigator-gated, inversion-recovery prepared, segmented gradient-echo sequence with slow infusion of 0.15 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine. A 32-element cardiac coil was used for data acquisition. Images were retrospectively analyzed and the visibility of the coronary veins was graded visually using a 4-point scale (1: poor, 2: moderate, 3: good, and 4: excellent). The presence of the following cardiac veins was evaluated: CS, posterior interventricular vein (PIV), posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV), left marginal vein (LMV), vein of Marshall (VM), and anterior interventricular vein (AIV).
Results
Data from 3 subjects were discarded on the basis of poor image quality. Table 1 lists the anatomic observations and quantitative data of the PIV, PVLV, LMV, and AIV. Reconstructed image examples are shown in Fig. 1a (normal) and b (variation). The angle of the CS ostium was 59° ± 7°. The visibility is displayed in Table 2.
Conclusion
3.0 T contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA can clearly depict the cardiac venous anatomy.
References
Yang Q, et al.: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009, 54 (1): 69-76. 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.016.
Stoeck CT, et al.: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009, 29 (6): 1293-9. 10.1002/jmri.21788.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Ma, H., Yang, Q., Li, H. et al. 3.0 T contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of the cardiac venous anatomy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 12 (Suppl 1), O89 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-O89
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-S1-O89
Keywords
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Coronary Sinus
- Leave Ventricular Lead
- Gadobenate Dimeglumine
- Venous Anatomy