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Quantifying right ventricular motion and strain using 3D cine DENSE MRI
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 13, Article number: M3 (2011)
Objective
The purpose of this study is to quantify right ventricular (RV) motion and surface strain in normal volunteers using 3D cine DENSE MRI.
Background
The RV is difficult to image because of its thin wall, asymmetric geometry and complex motion. DENSE is a quantitative MRI technique for measuring myocardial displacement and strain at high spatial and temporal resolutions [1, 2]. DENSE encodes tissue displacement directly into the image phase, allowing for the direct extraction of motion data at a pixel resolution. A free-breathing navigator-gated spiral 3D cine DENSE sequence was recently developed [3], providing an MRI technique which is well suited to quantifying RV mechanics.
Methods
Whole heart 3D cine DENSE data were acquired from two normal volunteers, after informed consent was obtained and in accordance with protocols approved by the University of Virginia institutional review board. The endocardial and epicardial contours were manually delineated to identify the myocardium from surrounding anatomical structures. A 3D spatiotemporal phase unwrapping algorithm was used to remove phase aliasing [4], and 3D Lagrangian displacement fields were derived for all cardiac phases. Midline contours were calculated from the epicardial and endocardial contours, and tissue tracking seed points were defined at pixel spaced intervals. A 3D tracking algorithm was implemented as a direct extension of the 2D tracking algorithm presented in [4], producing midline motion trajectories from which strain was calculated. Tangential 1D strain was calculated in the longitudinal and circumferential cardiac directions. Strain time curves are computed representing the free wall of the RV.
Results
Figure 1 illustrates the RV free wall mean tangential 1D strain time curves for approximately 3/4 of the cardiac cycle over the apical-mid section of the heart for one volunteer. Results show measurements ranging between -0.1 and -0.25, and further illustrate a greater displacement in the longitudinal direction. Results compare favorably with studies using myocardial tagging and DENSE [5, 6].
Conclusion
This work presents 3D motion tracking and strain quantification of the RV at a previously unattainable spatial resolution.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Auger, D.A., Zhong, X., Meintjes, E.M. et al. Quantifying right ventricular motion and strain using 3D cine DENSE MRI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 13 (Suppl 1), M3 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-13-S1-M3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-13-S1-M3
Keywords
- Right Ventricular
- Tracking Algorithm
- Right Ventricular Free Wall
- Epicardial Contour
- Tissue Tracking