Figure 1
From: Assessment of energy loss across aortic valves using accelerated CMR multi-point flow measurements
a) Phantom setup and regions where MKE and TKE are calculated. TKE is integrated over the whole volume. For MKE a region downstream from the valve is taken, in which flow is assumed laminar. In this region the slices in flow direction are averaged to obtain the values for a single slice. Regular and regurgitant flow are treated separately. b) Energy losses are calculated by relating TKE to MKE, normalized by the voxel size in flow direction, and by relating the regurgitant flow to the forward flow. c) The results of in vitro and in vivo testing. The orifice areas of the two valves tested in vitro differ, possibly leading to a more pronounced disparity. d) Streamlines and TKE in a healthy volunteer during systole. Same scaling as in Fig. 2, no TKE isosurfaces visible because all values are below the threshold.