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Mid-wall fibrosis on delayed enhancement CMR - a marker for adverse left ventricular chamber remodeling independent of cardiomyopathic etiology
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 16, Article number: O23 (2014)
Background
Mid-wall fibrosis (MWF) is a hallmark of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) that confers increased risk for sudden cardiac death and mortality. The relationship between MWF and left ventricular (LV) remodeling is unknown.
Methods
The population comprised patients with advanced systolic dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 40%) undergoing CMR (1.5T, General Electric Signa). Ischemic vs. NICM etiology was classified in accordance with established convention based on obstructive CAD on invasive angiography. Delayed enhancement CMR (IR-GRE acquired 10-30 minutes post gadolinium [0.2 mmol/kg]) was used to identify MWF, defined as hyperenhancement confined to the mid-myocardial or epicardial aspect of the interventricular septum. LV mass and chamber volume were quantified by planimetry of contiguous SSFP cine-CMR short axis slices, with ejection fraction (EF) calculated as the proportional difference between end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes.
Results
523 patients (61 ± 14 yo, 72% M, 66% ischemic CM) were studied: MWF was present in 16%, and was 6-fold more common in patients with angiographically classified NICM (37% vs. 6%; p < 0.001). Regarding LV remodeling, MWF was associated with higher EDV (134 ± 39 ml vs. 114 ± 34 ml; p < 0.001) and LV mass (102 ± 24 vs. 96 ± 28 gm; p < 0.001) and lower LVEF (26 ± 8% vs. 30 ± 8%; p ≤ 0.05). MWF was nearly 3-fold more common among patients in the highest tertile of EDV vs. the remainder of the population (29% vs. 10%; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to further assess markers for MWF: Restricted to imaging indices, results (Table 1A) demonstrated EF and EDV to be independently associated with MWF (OR = 1.46, CI 1.03-2.10; p < 0.05, OR = 1.13, CI 1.04-1.20; p < 0.05, respectively) after controlling for mass (OR = 0.95, CI 0.85-1.00; p = 0.29). Regarding clinical variables, results (Table 1B) confirmed a strong association with NICM (OR = 8.4, CI 4.78-14.72; p < 0.001), independent of other clinical indices. A combined model incorporating both clinical and imaging variables demonstrated both NICM and LV volume to be independently associated with MWF even after controlling for EF (Table 1C). Overall strength of the combined clinical/imaging (χ2 = 91.2; p < 0.001) model for MWF was higher than that of isolated clinical (χ2 = 76.7; p < 0.001) and imaging (χ2 = 26.0; p < 0.001) models.
Conclusions
Among patients with advanced cardiomyopathy, MWF is associated with advanced LV chamber dilation independent of severity of LV dysfunction and cardiomyopathic etiology.
Funding
National Institutes of Health (K23 HL102249-01).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Kim, J., Kochav, J.D., Gurevich, S. et al. Mid-wall fibrosis on delayed enhancement CMR - a marker for adverse left ventricular chamber remodeling independent of cardiomyopathic etiology. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 16 (Suppl 1), O23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-16-S1-O23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-16-S1-O23
Keywords
- Left Ventricular Mass
- Left Ventricular Volume
- Left Ventricular Remodel
- Short Axis Slice
- Invasive Angiography