- Poster presentation
- Open Access
- Published:
Time-resolved 3D-CMR using free-breathing 2D-acquisitions
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 16, Article number: P50 (2014)
Background
A typical CMR exam consists of a limited number of 2D scans that provide standard views of the heart. Diagnosis is limited to these select views. For the acquisition, multiple breath-holds are required - a challenge for many patients. As an improvement, we have investigated a free-breathing (FB) 2D acquisition protocol in conjunction with a novel reconstruction approach. The method provides 3D+time cine data with full heart coverage while simplifying the acquisition.
Methods
FB images were acquired with a fluoroscopic radial bSSFP, image rate 40-50 ms, res. (1.82 × 1.82 × 7)mm3. ECG time-after-trigger was recorded for retrospective mapping to cardiac phases. Volume coverage was achieved by changing the scan plane position or orientation between images slightly in order to not disturb the spin steady state. Images were reconstructed offline with a Compressed Sensing algorithm based on [Liu J et.al., ISMRM, Melbourne, Australia, 2012, P.4249]. Two datasets with approximately orthogonal scan planes were acquired: a short-axis (SX) set covering the heart with steps of 0.05 mm, and a long-axis (LX) set, rotating 180° around the left-ventricular long axis in steps of 0.1°. Our reconstruction pipeline consists of five modules. Modules b)-d) are used to reconstruct a volume at one cardiac phase. The pipeline is described for reconstructing SX data using LX anchors. Modules: a) For each acquired cardiac cycle, the cardiac phase is normalized to a 30 ms time step by deformation-field-assisted interpolation. b) Two approximately orthogonal LX slices, with most consistent SX-LX data correlation at the intersection lines (CAI) over all cardiac phases, are selected as anchors. c) CAI analysis computes the correlation along the intersection line between LX anchors and SX slices, and selects SX candidates with high correlation that actually correspond to SX slices on a similar respiratory phase. d) Residual misalignments between selected SX slices are iteratively corrected by optimizing the correlation with LX anchors while being constrained by neighboring SX slices through non-rigid registration. e) Standard scattered interpolation is applied to interpolate voxel intensities on a regular 1.823mm3 3D grid.
Results
The proposed automatic pipeline as a prototype was implemented in Matlab [Mathworks, Inc., MA, USA] and successfully applied to four volunteer data sets to generate 3D+time data on a 1.823mm3 grid based on SX data with LX anchors. The average distance between contributing SX slices was ~3.14 mm (see Figure 2).
Conclusions
We demonstrated the feasibility of fully automated reconstruction of 3D CINEs from orthogonal 2D-FB acquisitions. Further investigations to characterize the performance and robustness of the method are underway.
Funding
This work is sponsored by Siemens.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, X., Speier, P., Jolly, MP. et al. Time-resolved 3D-CMR using free-breathing 2D-acquisitions. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 16 (Suppl 1), P50 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-16-S1-P50
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-16-S1-P50
Keywords
- Cardiac Phase
- Reconstruction Approach
- Respiratory Phase
- Automatic Pipeline
- Volunteer Data