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Design of clinical cardioprotection trials using CMR: impact of myocardial salvage index and a narrow inclusion window on sample size
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 17, Article number: P90 (2015)
Background
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can be used to determine both myocardial infarct (MI) size and myocardium at risk (MaR), enabling assessment of myocardial salvage index (MSI). MI size as assessed by hyperenhancement on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has been shown to decrease approximately 25% during the first week after infarction. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent assessment of MSI and a narrow inclusion window affect the number of patients needed to reach sufficient statistical power in a clinical CMR cardioprotection trial.
Methods
Control subjects (n=91) from the recent CHILL-MI1 and MITOCARE2 cardioprotection trials, examined by CMR 2-6 days after acute reperfusion therapy, were used to assess the difference in sample size required to reach sufficient statistical power when using MI size alone compared to MSI as outcome variable. In addition, 22 patients undergoing CMR at day 1 and 7 after acute reperfused infarction from a previous follow-up study3 were included to assess to what extent sample size is affected by the decrease in hyperenhancement seen during the first week after infarction. The variability of MI size by LGE, MaR by contrast-enhanced SSFP and MSI was used to simulate 100.000 clinical trials for different assumed treatment effects to determine the number of patients needed to reach sufficient statistical power.
Results
For an assumed effect of 25 % reduction in MI size by a cardioprotection treatment, the number of patients needed to reach sufficient statistical power can be reduced by 48% (34 patients in each arm versus 65) if using MSI instead of MI size alone as outcome variable (Figure 1). If a fixed time point for the CMR examination is used instead of an inclusion window of 1-7 days after infarction, the number of patients needed to reach sufficient statistical power decreased by 31% for infarct size alone and 23% for MSI. Figure 2 shows an example of the reduction of hyperenhancement between day 1 and 7.
Conclusions
There is a significant reduction in sample size needed to reach sufficient statistical power in CMR cardioprotection trials when using MSI instead of MI size alone as outcome variable. In addition, sample size can be further reduced by narrowing the inclusion window during the first week after the acute event.
References
Erlinge, et al: JACC. 2014, 63: 1857-65. 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.027.
Atar, et al: EHJ. 2014, Epub ahead
Engblom, et al: Circ CI. 2009, 2: 47-55.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Engblom, H., Heiberg, E., Jensen, S.E. et al. Design of clinical cardioprotection trials using CMR: impact of myocardial salvage index and a narrow inclusion window on sample size. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17 (Suppl 1), P90 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-17-S1-P90
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-17-S1-P90
Keywords
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
- Late Gadolinium Enhancement
- Sufficient Statistical Power
- Fixed Time Point
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Examination