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Left ventricular kinetic energy as a marker of mechanical dyssynchrony in failing hearts with LBBB: a 4D flow CMR study
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 18, Article number: O91 (2016)
Background
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) leads to dyssynchronous left ventricular (LV) contraction and relaxation which may contribute to LV dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. LBBB-related mechanical dyssynchrony often responds to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, this therapy is expensive and the number of non-responders remains significant. Reliable functional markers of dyssynchronous LV pumping that can predict response to CRT have proved elusive.
Almost all studies of LV mechanical dyssynchrony focus on wall motion properties rather than aspects of intraventricular flow. 4D flow CMR specific measures have recently emerged as markers of LV function in failing hearts. Reduced volume and kinetic energy (KE) of the portion of LV inflow which passes directly to outflow (Direct Flow) has been demonstrated in failing LVs compared to normal LVs. In this study we hypothesized that the volume and KE of Direct Flow would be further reduced in myopathic LVs with LBBB compared to similarly dysfunctional and remodeled LVs without LBBB.
Methods
22 heart failure patients were enrolled; 11 patients with LBBB and 11 patients without LBBB matched according to LV ejection fraction (EF), LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) index, heart rate, age and gender. In both groups, etiology of heart failure was dilated cardiomyopathy in 7, and ischemic cardiomyopathy in 4. 4D flow CMR and morphological images were acquired on a 3T Philips Ingenia. A previously validated method was used for flow analysis (Eriksson et al., JCMR 2010): Pathlines were emitted from the ED LV blood volume and traced forward and backward to the time of ES, thus encompassing one cardiac cycle. The traced ED blood volume was separated into 4 functional flow components. The kinetic energy (KE) of each flow component was computed over the cardiac cycle from the volume represented by each trace, its velocity and the density of blood.
Results
There was no intergroup difference in LVEF, LVEDV-index, heart rate and age, whereas the QRS duration was longer (P < 0.001) in patients with LBBB (Table 1). The volume of the Direct Flow component was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.17), but the KE at end diastole was lower among patients with LBBB (P = 0.018, Figure 1). When normalized to the Direct Flow volume, Direct Flow KE at ED was lower in patients with LBBB compared to matched patients without LBBB (P = 0.007, Table 1).
Conclusions
4D flow patterns and energetics in myopathic LVs with and without LBBB demonstrate reduced end-diastolic KE of Direct Flow in patients with LBBB compared to matched patients with normal conduction. This may reflect incremental impairment of diastolic function and less efficient ensuing ejection related to dyssynchrony in these failing ventricles. These intriguing preliminary findings suggest that 4D flow specific measures reflect LV mechanical dyssynchrony in heart failure patients, and could be investigated as predictors of response to CRT.
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Zajac, J., Eriksson, J., Dyverfeldt, P. et al. Left ventricular kinetic energy as a marker of mechanical dyssynchrony in failing hearts with LBBB: a 4D flow CMR study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 18 (Suppl 1), O91 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-O91
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-O91
Keywords
- Direct Flow
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Heart Failure Patient
- Left Bundle Branch Block
- Flow Component