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Blood T1 measurements using slice-interleaved T1 mapping (STONE) sequence
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 18, Article number: P57 (2016)
Background
Slice interleaved T1 (STONE) mapping sequence was recently proposed to take advantage of increased recovery time of spins to improve accuracy and precision of native myocardial T1 values. In this sequence, a non-selective inversion pulse is followed by acquisition of the data for different slices. Therefore, blood pool may experience different recovery time at different slice location due to mixing effect and rapid blood flow movement. This may impact ECV measurements using STONE based T1 mapping sequence. While, a short T1 of blood after contrast allows full recovery, long native T1 of blood pool may cause errors in T1 measurements, which will manifest as low reproducibility and variations across different locations. Therefore, we sought to assess the native blood T1 values measured in the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) by studying the reproducibility of T1 measurements at different locations and slices.
Methods
Nine healthy subjects (38 ± 22 years, 4 males) were recruited to participate in an IRB-approved study for imaging. Each subject was in sinus rhythm and was imaged 5 times using STONE sequence with gradient echo readout (STONE-GRE) and steady-state free precession sequence (STONE-SSFP). T1 maps were reconstructed after motion correction and voxel-wise curve fitting using a 2-paramter fit model. The region of interest (ROI) for the blood pool was manually marked on five short-axis slices for RV as well as for LV to generate slice-based native T1 values of the blood pool. Coefficient of variation (CV) analysis for each sequence was used to assess the variability of T1 measurements between each slice and between the repetitions of measurements.
Results
Figure 1 shows mean T1 values averaged over all subjects for STONE-SSFP and STONE-GRE. T1 means in RV were systematically smaller than in LV for both sequences (p < 0.05). Figure 2 (A) shows a high reproducibility (GRE: 3.8 ± 0.6%, SSFP: 1.6 ± 0.4%) among 5 slices with significantly smaller CVs in STONE SSFP than in GRE (p< 0.05). There was similar variability among the 5 slices for each sequence. Figure 2 (B) shows variability among the subjects with higher reproducibility for STONE SSFP (GRE: 3.7 ± 1.5%, SSFP: 1.6 ± 0.5%).
Conclusions
Native blood T1 measurements with STONE sequence are reproducible in both LV and RV and there is no systematic difference in T1 measurements at difference slice locations within LV or RV. However, there are differences in T1 measurements of LV vs. RV for both sequences.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Bellm, S., Ngo, L., Jang, J. et al. Blood T1 measurements using slice-interleaved T1 mapping (STONE) sequence. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 18 (Suppl 1), P57 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-P57
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-P57
Keywords
- Left Ventricle
- Right Ventricle
- Blood Pool
- Mapping Sequence
- Inversion Pulse