- Poster presentation
- Open Access
Genotype positive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with myocardial perfusion abnormalities
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-16-S1-P342
© Keenan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
- Published: 16 January 2014
Keywords
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
- Late Gadolinium Enhancement
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Maximum Wall Thickness
- Royal Brompton Hospital
Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a highly heterogenous disease both genotypically and phenotypically. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for fibrosis detection and adenosine stress perfusion are key techniques for HCM phenotyping. Recent advances in DNA sequencing, in particular high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS), have enabled more extensive genetic analysis of larger cohorts of patients. We sought to assess the link between genotype and the microvascular circulation in a cohort of patients with HCM.
Methods
We recruited 288 patients with HCM according to standard criteria, who were undergoing clinical CMR. All patients had assessment of LV volumes, mass and function and LGE, except 1 for volumes and 2 for LGE. Overall, 214 (74%) also underwent adenosine stress perfusion. Detailed demographic and outcome data were collected over a mean of 3 years follow up. 120 genes with a known or putative role in cardiomyopathy were sequenced in every patient using SureSelect target DNA capture and SOLiD next-generation sequencing, and variants were identified using GATK and LifeScope. Subjects were stratified according to the presence or absence of a likely causative genetic variant in the principal sarcomeric HCM genes.
Results
Genotype Phenotype correlations in HCM [mean (SD) unless stated]
Variable | Genotype POSITIVE | Genotype NEGATIVE | Significance (NS = not significant) |
---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | 102 (35%) | 186 (65%) | |
Male sex (%) | 75 (73.5%) | 137 (73.7%) | NS |
BSA (m2) | 1.97 (0.22) | 1.94 (0.22) | NS |
Age at CMR (years) | 54.6 (12.8) | 59.2 (13.4) | p = 0.005 |
Positive family history (%) | 22 (21.6%) | 35 (18.8%) | NS |
Length of follow up (months) | 37.6 (17.0) | 40.8 (20.4) | NS |
Dead (%) | 6 (5.9%) | 4 (2.2%) | NS |
LVEDV (mL) | 137.8 (33.6) | 134.2 (37.2) | NS |
LVESV (mL) | 34.4 (16.0) | 36.2 (19.4) | NS |
LVSV (mL) | 103.4 (25.6) | 98.0 (25.0) | NS (p = 0.08) |
LVEF (%) | 75.5 (8.5) | 74.1 (8.5) | NS |
LV Mass (g) | 174.8 (54.6) | 191.6 (66.2) | p = 0.030 |
LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 69.9 (14.5) | 69.0 (17.0) | NS |
LVESVi (mL/m2) | 17.4 (7.8) | 18.4 (9.2) | NS |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 88.1 (27.6) | 98.5 (31.2) | p = 0.005 |
STRESS PERFUSION SCAN POSITIVE | 65/79 (82.3%) | 87/135 (64.4%) | p = 0.015 |
Max wall thickness (mm) | 18.6 (3.7) | 19.1 (5.1) | NS |
Base most affected (%) | 68 (66.7%) | 103 (55.4%) | NS (p = 0.08) |
Apex most affected (%) | 15 (14.7%) | 39 (21.0%) | NS |
Septum most affected (%) | 92 (90%) | 154 (82.8%) | NS |
LGE score (%) | |||
0 | 21 (21%) | 36 (20%) | NS |
1 | 36 (35%) | 64 (35%) | NS |
2 | 37 (36%) | 68 (37%) | NS |
3 | 8 (8%) | 16 (9%) | NS |
Genotype positive by gene
Gene | Number (%) |
---|---|
MYBPC3 | 31 (30%) |
MYH7 | 26 (25%) |
TNNT2 | 6 (6%) |
Other | 39 (38%) |
Conclusions
The main finding of this study is that genotype positive patients are more likely to have abnormal myocardial perfusion. It is known that genotype positive HCM patients have a higher rate of sudden cardiac death (and a trend towards death was seen in this study), and this has been postulated to be related to ischemia. Our finding that sarcomeric variants were associated with lower LV mass was unexpected and is worthy of further study given the comparatively large size of this cohort. Previous studies have highlighted the association between maximum LV wall thickness and extent of LGE with the presence of a known HCM mutation, but this finding was not replicated in the present study. More comprehensive genetic analyses enabled by next generation technologies, coupled with cutting-edge phenotypic evaluation, may enable the dissection of genotype-phenotype relationships in HCM.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London.
Authors’ Affiliations
Copyright
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.